Egyptians and Mesopotamians Government
 
by  Dollie and Kalia

        In this reading you will learn about the ancient government of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians. You will learn also about the rulers of their civilizations and how they conducted them.
 
 

 
Cleopatra
        Cleopatra was born in 69 B.C. in Egypt, but she was not Egyptian she was Macedonian Greek. At eighteen years old she became queen and married her brother, Ptolmey the thirteenth. Ptolmey had three advisers, since the men were usually chief rulers the advisers  thought  they  could  rule in Ptolmey 's  name ( Ptolmey  was only  10 years old.) Cleopatra really wanted the old kingdom back that her father  (Ptolmey the tweleth) used to rule, that the advisers took away  because she was just  a queen, but she couldn't  because she was weak compared to them. The advisers ran Cleopatra out of Egypt at the age twenty, because they knew that she would try and defeat them. Cleopatra moved to Alexandria and put together an army to defeat Ptolmey. During this time she bumped into Julius Caesar. He was going to try to make peace and settle out  the differences between the king and queen. Ptolmey went to Alexandria, but  made  Caeser put guards all around the kingdom, because the adviser was too scared that Cleopatra would defeat them with Caesar's help. Cleopatra had a plan,  she would be rolled into bedding and be delivered to Caesar's palace. That night Caesar and Cleopatra got married, after that special night Caesar tried to make peace but it ended up in war. While Ptolmey was at the Nile river getting ready to defeat Cleopatra and Caesar, he drowned because of the weight of his golden armor. Cleopatra ruled once again !

Hatsheput
        Hastsheput was the daughter of Tuthmose the first  and Aahmes. She had two brothers, so she had not just yet taken her place as the Egyptian pharaoh, so after her father Tuthmose died, the throne went to her brother Tuthmose the second. Tuthmose the second ruled Egypt for three or four years and then he died from a skin disease, so the next position for the throne was Tuthmose the third ( he was Tuthmose the  second son). But he was too young to rule so Hatsheput was allowed to rule Egypt as Queen, but she was not full pharaoh, Hatsheput as Queen dowager, ( that is when a women is able to hold some title or property from a male who is not capable). But after a while Hatsheput had a lot of followers that she was able to command so she was able to take the full rulership as pharaoh. Hatsheput ruled for twenty years. During her rulership of Egypt she sent an expidition from her palace on the Nile into the moutain wilds of Central Africa to trade with tropical chieftians, and she also sent an expedition to the land of Punt ( Somalia) to look for animals, ivory, spices, gold, and aromatic trees.
 

 Mesopotamian Civilization
 
 
 
 
 

Assyrian Civilization
        The Assyrians were North of the Tigris and Euphrates. The Assyrians really wanted to protect their land from outside invaders. In fact, later they switched sides and instead of being the victim, they became the enemy by invading other cities around them to spread their civilization around, but things did not always go so smooth. Sometimes they were unable to get support from the nobles, the millitary, and the neighbors along with the drought and famine period, but despite these obstacles they extended thier civilization across Mesopotamia.
 
 
 

                                                                                          Sennacherib
         In 705 B.C. Sennncherib took the position of the Assyerian throne. Him and his army conquared Chaldea, and in 689 B.C. Sennachrib destroyed the city of Babylon, but Sennacherib was not  dealing with violence or destrution. He did some positive things that did not hurt other he rebuilt streams into big channels and one of his absolute acomplishment was that he rebuilt the palace of Nineveh. Sennacherib unfortunately was assassined in 681 B.C., but at this point Assyria reaches from the Persian Gulf to Ciliacia that is southwestern Turkey and into Egypt.

 
Hammurabbi and his code
                Hammurabbi was a ruler for the the Babylonian civilization. His rulership was very strict because of his laws and the most common ones were "a tooth for a tooth " or "an eye for an eye ". Physician had probably the most strict way of life because if they were opperating on a patient and they made a mistake, or the patient died on the table they would be punished. In fact, if the patient was very important, the physician's hands would be cut off, and if the patient was a slave they would have to pay the owner of the slave and live.  He also had rules about incest  and rules about animals. His code did not last as long as he thought, but since this was the first document of laws the people were not used to them so they stop following them.
 
 

                                     Similarities  and Differences
          The way these rulers conducted these civilizations were similar in some ways but not all. The Egyptian government were much more organized than the Mesopotamian and they were more focused than other  because they were not really into taking over other cities. In fact, Egyptians were into their own ways of living and taking over thing, but the Mesopotamians government were more into one thing such as, architecture, riligion, law, trading,science, and expanding their way of order.
 

                                                    Conclusion
            Egyptians and Mesopotamians are pretty similar. Their rulers have been through a great deal to give the Egyptians and Mesopotamians the history of their government. Both civilization worked hard for what they had. To us it is very nice to know that the way of the world was not so always .., well whatever it is today it was not always like this.